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Term |
Definition |
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Adhesive
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A substance which applied as an intermediate is capable of holding materials together by surface attachment.
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Adhesive Wear
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Wear resulting from two metals rubbing against each other, such as the screw flight lands and valve rings coming into contact with the barrel lining during operation.
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Adiabatic
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An adjective used to describe a process or transformation in which no heat is added to or allowed to escape from the system under consideration. It is used, somewhat incorrectly, to describe a mode of extrusion in which no external heat is added to the extruder although heat may be removed by cooling to keep the output temperature of the melt passing through the extruder constant. The heat input in such a process is developed by the screw as its mechanical energy is converted to thermal energy.
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Adsorption
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The adhesion of the molecules of gases, dissolved substances, or liquids in more or less concentrated form to the surfaces of solids or liquids with which they are in contact.
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AES
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Acrylonitrile-ethylene-styrene
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Aesthetics
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The sum total of the visual response to the beauty of an object. Elements of aesthetics may include: color, shape or particular features of the object.
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Affinity
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The attraction for another substance.
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Aging
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The change of a material with time under defined environmental conditions, leading to improvement or deterioration of properties.
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AGVS
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Automatic guided vehicle system
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AI
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Artificial intelligence
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Air Gap
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In extrusion coating, the distance from the die opening to the nip formed by the pressure roll and the chill roll.
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Air Ring
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A circular manifold used to distribute an even flow of the cooling medium, air, onto a hollow tubular form passing through the center of the ring. In blown tubing, the air cools the tubing uniformly to provide uniform film thickness.
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Air-Assist Forming
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A method of thermoforming, in which air flow or air pressure is employed to partially preform the sheet immediately prior to the final pulldown onto the mold using vacuum.
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Air-Slip Forming
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A variation of snap-back forming in which the male mould is enclosed in a box in such a way that when the mould moves forward toward the hot plastic, air is trapped between the mould and the plastic sheet. As the mould advances, the plastic is kept away from it by the air cushion formed as described above, until the full travel of the mould is reached, at which point a vacuum is applied, destroying the cushion and forming the part against the plug.
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Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
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Saturated, hydrocarbons having an open chain structure. Familiar examples: gasoline and propane.
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Alkyd Resin
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Polyester resins made with some fatty acid as a modifier. See Polyester, Fatty Acid.
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Alkyds
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This plastic was developed in 1926 and was promptly put to work in liquid form as enamels, paints, lacquers, and similar coatings for automotibles, refrigerators, stoves and similar products--still the largest use for alkyds. In 1948, however, an alkyd compound was introduced as a molding material for compression molding electrical applications like circuit breaker insulation, coal forms, capacitor and resistor encapsulation, cases, housings, and switchgear components. Major properties are in the electrical area where alkyd molding materials offer excellent dielectric strength. Alkyds also have excellent heat resistance and are dimensionally stable under high temperatures. Alkds are thermosetting unsaturated polyester resins produced by reacting an organic alcohol with an organic acid, dissolved in and reacted with unsaturated monomers such as styrene [C6H5CHCH2], diallyl phthalate [C6H4(COOCH2CHCH2)2], diacetone acrylamide [CH3COCH2C(CH3)2CHCHCONH2] or vinyl toluene [CH2CHC6H4CH2]. Typical applications are electrical uses, automotive parts, and as coatings.
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Alkyl
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A general term for monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals.
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Alloy
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Composite material made up by blending polymers or copolymers with other polymers or elastomers under selected conditions, e.g. sytrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resins blended with butadieneacrylonitrile rubbers.
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Allyl Resin
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A synthetic resin formed by the polymerisation of chemical compounds containing the group CH2=CH-CH2-. The principal commercial allyl resin is a casting material that yields allyl carbonate polymer.
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